Ngokuvamile, utshani bokwenziwa bufakwa ukuze buthathe indawo yotshani obukhona engadini. Kodwa futhi buhle kakhulu ekuguquleni ama-patio nezindlela ezindala zekhonkrithi ezikhathele.
Nakuba sihlala sincoma ukusebenzisa uchwepheshe ukufaka utshani bakho bokwenziwa, ungase umangale ukuthola ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukufaka utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkrithi.
Kukhona nezinzuzo eziningi ngotshani bokwenziwa – alunakekelwa kahle, alunadaka futhi alunawo ukungcola, futhi lufanele izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuguqula izingadi zabo ngotshani bokwenziwa.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukeneukusetshenziswa kotshani bokwenziwa, okusobala ukuthi kulula ukufaka esikhundleni sotshani engadini yokuhlala. Kodwa okunye ukusetshenziswa kungafaka phakathi izikole nezindawo zokudlala, izindawo zemidlalo, izindawo zokudlala igalofu, imicimbi nemibukiso, kanye notshani bokwenziwa bungafakwa ngaphakathi endlini, lapho bungenza khona isici esihle emakamelweni okulala ezingane, isibonelo!
Njengoba ungalindela, uhlelo ngalunye ludinga izindlela ezahlukene zokufaka kanye namasu – akukho sincomo esifanelana nakho konke.
Indlela efanele, vele, izoncika ekusetshenzisweni.
Utshani bokwenziwa bungafakwa phezu kwekhonkrithi endala engenalutho, ukugandaya ngamabhulokhi ngisho nama-slab okugandaya ngama-patio.
Kulesi siqondisi, sizoxoxa ngendlela yokufaka utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkolo kanye nogandaganda.
Sizobheka indlela yokulungisa ukhonkolo okhona olungele ukufakwa, amathuluzi ozowadinga ukuze wenze umsebenzi, futhi sikunikeze umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo owusizo ochaza kahle ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani ukufakwa.
Kodwa ukuze siqale, ake sibheke ezinye zezinzuzo zokufaka utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkrithi.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokufaka Utshani Obunziwe Kukhonkolo?
Khanyisa ukhonkolo omdala, okhathele kanye ne-Pavement
Ake sibhekane neqiniso, ukhonkolo awuyona indawo ekhangayo kakhulu, akunjalo?
Ezimweni eziningi, ukhonkolo ungabonakala ungathandeki engadini. Kodwa-ke, utshani bokwenziwa buzoguqula ukhonkolo wakho obukeka ukhathele ube utshani obuhle obuluhlaza obuluhlaza.
Iningi labantu lizovuma ukuthi ingadi kufanele ibe luhlaza, kodwa kuyaqondakala ukuthi abantu abaningi bakhetha ukungabi notshani bangempela ngenxa yokunakekelwa, udaka kanye nokungcola okuhilelekile.
Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele ukwazi ukuba notshani.
Kuncane kakhulu ukulungiswa okubandakanyekayo ngotshani bokwenziwa futhi, uma bufakwe kahle, kufanele buhlale iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Uzomangala ngoshintsho olungalethwa utshani bomgunyathi engadini yakho.
Dala Indawo Engasheleli
Uma kumanzi noma kuneqhwa, ukhonkolo ungaba yindawo eshelelayo kakhulu ukuhamba kuyo.
Ukukhula kokhula kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zezitshalo kuyinkinga evamile ematsheni, kukhonkolo, nakwezinye izindawo ezihlala zinomthunzi futhi zimanzi usuku lonke.
Lokhu kungabangela nokuthi ukhonkolo osengadini yakho ushelele, okwenza kube yingozi ukuhamba phezu kwawo.
Kulabo abanezingane ezincane noma labo abangasakwazi ukuba matasa njengakuqala, lokhu kungaba yingozi enkulu.
Kodwa-ke, utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkrithi buzohlinzeka ngendawo engasheleli ngokuphelele, lapho inakekelwa kahle, ingeke ikhule ngokuphelele.
Futhi ngokungafani nokhonkolo, ngeke iqine - ivimbele i-patio yakho noma indlela yakho ukuthi ingaphenduki ibe yindawo yokucasha iqhwa.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngaphambi Kokufaka Utshani Obungenziwe Kukhonkolo
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubeke sikubonise isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani utshani bomgunyathi kukhonkrithi, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uzihlole:
Ingabe i-Concrete Yakho Ifanelekile?
Ngeshwa, akuzona zonke izinto ezikhonkolo ezifanele ukufakwa kotshani bokwenziwa.
Uzodinga ukhonkolo ukuze ube sesimweni esifanele; ungaba notshani bokwenziwa obungcono kakhulu obungathengwa ngemali, kodwa imfihlo yotshani bokwenziwa obuhlala isikhathi eside iwukuba ububeke esisekelweni esiqinile.
Uma kunemifantu emikhulu edlula kukhonkolo yakho, okubangele ukuthi izingxenye zayo ziphakame futhi zikhululeke, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukufaka utshani bokwenziwa ngqo kuyo kungenzeka.
Uma kunjalo, kuyalulekwa kakhulu ukuthi ukhiphe ukhonkolo okhona bese ulandela inqubo yokufakwa kotshani bokwenziwa okuvamile.
Kodwa-ke, imifantu emincane kanye nokuqhekeka kungalungiswa, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela ezilinganisa yona.
Ama-compounds azimele angathengwa ezitolo zakho ze-DIY zasendaweni futhi kulula kakhulu ukuwafaka, kanti iningi lemikhiqizo lidinga nje ukuthi wengeze amanzi.
Uma ukhonkolo wakho uzinzile futhi uyisicaba, ezimweni eziningi, kuzoba kuhle ukuqhubeka nokufakwa.
Udinga nje ukusebenzisa ingqondo yakho lapho uhlola ukuthi kufanele ufake utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkolo, futhi ukhumbule ukuthi kuzodingeka kuphephe ukuhamba phezu kwalo.
Uma ubuso bakho bungabushelelezi futhi bunamaphutha amancane, i-foam underlay izowamboza ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Uma izindawo zekhonkrithi sezikhululekile noma 'zinamatshe' ngaphansi kwezinyawo kuzodingeka ususe ikhonkrithi bese ufaka isisekelo esingaphansi se-MOT Type 1 bese ulandela indlela ejwayelekile yokufaka utshani bokwenziwa.
I-infographic yethu ewusizo izokukhombisa ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.
Qinisekisa ukuthi uzoba nohlelo lokukhipha amanzi olwanele
Kubalulekile njalo ukucabangela ukumuncwa kwamanzi.
Uma ukufakwa sekuqediwe, into yokugcina oyifunayo amanzi ahlezi phezu kotshani bakho obusha bokwenziwa.
Okungcono kakhulu, kuzoba nokuwa okuncane kukhonkrithi yakho okuzovumela amanzi ukuthi ageleze.
Kodwa-ke, ukhonkolo wakho okhona kungenzeka ukuthi awusicaba ngokuphelele, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kuvela amachibi ezindaweni ezithile.
Ungakuhlola lokhu ngokuyibeka phansi ngepayipi bese uhlola ukuthi amanzi akhona yini.
Uma kwenzeka, akuyona inkinga enkulu, kodwa kuzodingeka ubhoboze imigodi yokukhipha amanzi.
Sicebisa ukusebenzisa i-bit engu-16mm ukubhoboza imigodi lapho kwakheka khona noma yimaphi ama-diddle, bese ugcwalisa le migodi nge-shingle engu-10mm.
Lokhu kuzovimbela ukugcwala kotshani bakho obusha bokuzenzisa.
Ukubeka Utshani Obungenziwe Kukhonkolo Ongalingani
Uma ubeka utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkolo engalingani – noma kunoma yiluphi ukhonkolo, ingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokufaka ukufakaingaphansi le-foam yotshani yokwenziwa.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokufaka i-shockpad yotshani mbumbulu.
Okokuqala, kuzohlinzeka ngotshani obuthambile ngaphansi kwezinyawo.
Ngisho noma utshani bokwenziwa buvame ukuba buthambile uma ubuthinta, uma ububeka phezu kwekhonkrithi noma uphahla utshani buzoqhubeka buzwakala buqinile ngaphansi kwezinyawo.
Uma ubungawa, ngokuqinisekile ubuzozwa umthelela wokufika. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka i-foam underlay kuzozizwa kungcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwezinyawo futhi kufane kakhulu notshani bangempela.
Kwezinye izimo, njengasezinkundleni zokudlala zesikole, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi izingane ziwe zisuka ekuphakameni, umthetho udinga i-shockpad.
Ngakho-ke, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukufaka i-underlay yotshani mbumbulu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi i-underlay yakho yokwenziwa esanda kufakwa izohlinzeka ngendawo ephephile yomndeni wonke ongayijabulela.
Esinye isizathu esihle kakhulu sokusebenzisa i-foam yotshani yokwenziwa ukuthi izofihla imiphetho nemifantu kukhonkrithi yakho ekhona.
Uma ubungabeka utshani bakho bomgunyathi ngqo phezu kwekhonkrithi, uma sebulele phansi buzofana nama-undulations ebusweni obungezansi.
Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona imifantu noma imifantu emincane kukhonkrithi yakho, ubungayibona ngale kotshani bakho bokwenziwa.
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ukhonkolo ube bushelelezi ngokuphelele ngakho-ke sihlala sincoma ukusebenzisa i-foam underlay.
Indlela Yokufaka Utshani Obungenziwe Kukhonkrithi
Sihlala sicebisa ukusebenzisa uchwepheshe ukufaka utshani bokwenziwa, njengoba ulwazi lwabo luzoholela ekuqedeni okungcono.
Kodwa-ke, kulula futhi kuyashesha ukufaka utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkrithi futhi uma unekhono lokwenza izinto ngokwakho, kufanele ukwazi ukuzifakela wena.
Ngezansi uzothola umhlahlandlela wethu wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukukusiza endleleni.
Amathuluzi Abalulekile
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo somhlahlandlela wethu, ake sibheke amanye amathuluzi ozowadinga ukufaka utshani bokwenziwa kukhonkrithi:
Umshanelo oqinile.
Ipayipi lengadi.
Ummese kaStanley (kanye nezinsika eziningi ezibukhali).
Ummese wokugcwalisa noma ummese wokusika imicu (ukusakaza inhlaka yotshani yokwenziwa).
Amathuluzi Awusizo
Nakuba la mathuluzi engabalulekile, azokwenza umsebenzi (nempilo yakho) ube lula:
Ukugeza ngejethi.
Umshini wokuxuba i-drill kanye ne-paddle (ukuxuba inhlaka yotshani yokwenziwa).
Izinto Ozozidinga
Kuzodingeka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi unezinto ezilandelayo ezilungile ngaphambi kokuba uqale:
Utshani bokwenziwa – utshani bokwenziwa obukhethiwe, obunobubanzi obungu-2m noma obungu-4m, kuye ngobukhulu botshani bakho obusha.
Ingaphansi le-foam – lokhu kuza ngobubanzi obungu-2m.
Itheyiphu ye-Gaffer – ukubopha ingxenye ngayinye ye-foam underlay.
Iglue yotshani yokwenziwa – esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amashubhu eglue yotshani yokwenziwa, ngenxa yobuningi oyobudinga kakhulu, sincoma ukusebenzisa amashubhu eglue enezinjongo eziningi engu-5kg noma engu-10kg.
Itheyiphu yokujoyina - yotshani bokwenziwa, uma kudingeka amalunga.
Ukuze ubale inani leglue elidingekayo, kuzodingeka ulinganise umngcele wotshani lwakho ngamamitha, bese uwuphindaphinda ngo-2 (njengoba kuzodingeka unamathisele igwebu kukhonkrithi kanye notshani kugwebu).
Okulandelayo, kala ubude banoma yimaphi amalunga adingekayo. Kulokhu, udinga ukuvumela kuphela ukuthi amalunga otshani bokwenziwa anamathiselwe ndawonye. Akudingeki ukunamathisela amalunga e-foam (yilokho okwenziwa yi-gaffer tape).
Uma usubalile inani eliphelele lemitha elidingekayo, usungabala ukuthi uzodinga amabhavu amangaki.
Ibhavu elingamakhilogremu angu-5 lizomboza cishe amamitha ayi-12, lisakazeke ububanzi obungama-300mm. Ngakho-ke ibhavu elingamakhilogremu angu-10 lizomboza cishe amamitha angama-24.
Manje njengoba usunamathuluzi nezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo, sesingaqala ukufaka.
Isinyathelo 1 - Hlanza ukhonkolo okhona
Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ulungiselele ukhonkolo okhona.
Njengoba kuchaziwe ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, kungadingeka usebenzise inhlanganisela yokuzilinganisa - isibonelo, uma unemifantu emikhulu (engaphezu kuka-20mm) kukhonkrithi yakho ekhona.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi i-foam underlay iyona kuphela edingekayo ukuze ungene ngaphansi kotshani bakho.
Ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kufakwe, sincoma kakhulu ukuthi ukhonkolo uhlanzwe kahle ukuze inhlaka yotshani yokwenziwa ihlangane kahle nokhonkolo.
Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukususa ukhula oluyimpuphu nokhula. Uma ukhula luyinkinga kukhonkrithi yakho ekhona, sincoma ukusebenzisa i-weedkiller.
Ikhonkrithi yakho ingafakwa ngepayipi noma ibhulashwe ngomshanelo oqinile. Nakuba kungabalulekile, ukugeza ngejethi kuzokwenza umsebenzi ube lula kulesi sigaba.
Uma usuhlanzekile, kuzodingeka uvumele ukhonkolo wome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqhubekela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
Isinyathelo 2 - Faka Amapayipi Okudonsa Amanzi Uma Kudingeka
Ukuhlanza ukhonkolo noma i-pavement yakho nakho kuyithuba elihle lokuhlola ukuthi amanzi aphuma kahle kangakanani kuyo.
Uma amanzi enyamalala ngaphandle kokuxubana, ungadlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
Uma kungenjalo, kuzodingeka ubhoboze imigodi yokukhipha amanzi lapho kwakheka khona amadaka usebenzisa i-drill bit engu-16mm. Imigodi ingagcwaliswa nge-shingle engu-10mm.
Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke ube namanzi amile ngemva kwemvula enkulu.
Isinyathelo 3: Beka ulwelwesi olungangeni ukhula
Ukuze uvimbele ukhula ukuthi lungakhuli etshanini lakho, beka ulwelwesi lokhula kuyo yonke indawo yetshani, ugoqe imiphetho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhula alukwazi ukungena phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili.
Ungasebenzisa ama-U-pin afakwe i-galvanized ukuze ubambe ulwelwesi endaweni yalo.
Icebiso: Uma ukhula lube yinkinga enkulu, phatha indawo nge-weedkiller ngaphambi kokubeka ulwelwesi.
Isinyathelo 4: Faka i-Sub-Base engu-50mm
Ngesisekelo esingaphansi, ungasebenzisa i-MOT Type 1 noma uma ingadi yakho inenkinga yokugeleza kwamanzi okungekuhle, sincoma ukusebenzisa izingcezu zegranite ezingu-10-12mm.
Hlikihla bese ulinganisa i-aggregate ibe ukujula okungaba ngu-50mm.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo esingaphansi sihlanganiswe kahle kusetshenziswa i-vibrating plate compactor engaqashwa esitolo sakho sendawo sokuqasha amathuluzi.
Isinyathelo 5: Faka Indlela Yokubeka Engu-25mm
Inkambo Yokubeka Uthuli Lwe-Granite
Ukuze uhlele, hlela bese ulinganisa uthuli lwe-granite (i-grano) oluyi-25mm ngqo phezu kwesisekelo esingaphansi.
Uma usebenzisa unqenqema lwezinkuni, indlela yokubeka kufanele ilinganiswe ifinyelele phezulu kwezinkuni.
Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswe kahle nge-vibrating plate compactor.
Icebiso: Ukufutha uthuli lwe-granite ngamanzi kancane kuzosiza ukuthi lubopheke futhi lunciphise uthuli.
Isinyathelo 6: Faka i-Weed-Membrane Yesibili Ongakukhetha
Ukuze uthole isivikelo esengeziwe, beka ungqimba lwesibili lwe-membrane olungangeni ukhula phezu kothuli lwe-granite.
Akugcini nje ngokuba yisivikelo esengeziwe ekukhuleni kodwa futhi njengoba kusiza ukuvikela ingaphansi le-Turf yakho.
Njengoba kunjalo ngesendlalelo sokuqala se-membrane yokhula, hlanganisa imiphetho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhula alukwazi ukungena phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili. Namathisela i-membrane emaphethelweni noma eduze kwayo ngangokunokwenzeka bese usika noma yikuphi okungaphezulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwelwesi lubekwe luyisicaba njengoba noma yimaphi amaqhubu angabonakala ngotshani bakho bokwenziwa.
QAPHELA: Uma unenja noma isilwane esifuywayo esizosebenzisa utshani bakho bokwenziwa, sincoma ukuthi UNGAFAKI lolu ngqimba olwengeziwe lwe-membrane ngoba lungabamba iphunga elibi elivela emchameni.
Isinyathelo 7: Vula futhi ubeke i-Turf yakho endaweni efanele
Cishe uzodinga usizo ngalesi sikhathi ngoba, kuye ngobukhulu botshani bakho bokwenziwa, bungaba nzima kakhulu.
Uma kungenzeka, beka utshani endaweni efanele ukuze uhlangothi lwenqwaba lubheke endlini yakho noma endaweni yokubuka eyinhloko njengoba lokhu kuvame ukuba uhlangothi oluhle kakhulu lokubuka utshani.
Uma unezingqimba ezimbili zotshani, qiniseka ukuthi uhlangothi lwenqwaba lubheke ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombili izingcezu.
Icebiso: Vumela utshani buhlale amahora ambalwa, okungcono kakhulu elangeni, ukuze bujwayele ngaphambi kokusika.
Isinyathelo 8: Sika Futhi Ubumbe Utshani Bakho
Usebenzisa ummese obukhali, lungisa utshani bakho bokwenziwa kahle emaphethelweni nasezinkingeni.
Ama-blade angashesha ukuba buthuntu ngakho-ke shintsha ama-blade njalo ukuze ugcine ama-cut ehlanzekile.
Vikela umngcele usebenzisa izipikili ezine-galvanised uma usebenzisa unqenqema lwezinkuni, noma ama-U-pin ane-galvanised, ukuze wenze unqenqema lwensimbi, lwezitini noma lwe-sleeper.
Unganamathisela utshani bakho emphethweni wekhonkrithi usebenzisa inhlaka.
Isinyathelo 9: Vikela Noma Yikuphi Ukujoyina
Uma kwenziwe kahle, amalunga akufanele abonakale. Nansi indlela yokuhlanganisa izingxenye zotshani ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka:
Okokuqala, beka zombili izingcezu zotshani eceleni, uqinisekise ukuthi imicu ikhomba ngendlela efanayo futhi imiphetho ihamba ngokulingana.
Goqa izingcezu zombili emuva cishe ngo-300mm ukuze kubonakale ingemuva.
Sika ngokucophelela izitishi ezintathu emaphethelweni esiqephu ngasinye ukuze udale ukuhlangana okuhle.
Beka izingcezu phansi futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphetho ihlangana kahle ngesikhala esingama-1-2mm esilinganayo phakathi komqulu ngamunye.
Phinda utshani, uveze ingemuva.
Songa itheyiphu yakho yokujoyina (uhlangothi olucwebezelayo phansi) eduze komthungo bese ufaka ingcina (i-Aquabond noma ingcina enezingxenye ezimbili) etheyiphini.
Goqa utshani ngokucophelela, uqiniseke ukuthi imicu yotshani ayithinti noma ivaleleke ku-glue.
Faka ukucindezela okuncane emthungweni ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana okufanele. (Icebiso: Beka izikhwama ezingavulwanga zesihlabathi esomisiwe esitsheni esitsheni esihlangene ukuze usize isibopho sokunamathela sibe ngcono.)
Vumela inhlaka ukuthi iqine amahora angu-2-24 kuye ngesimo sezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-10-2025
